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Pome Fruits
ROOTSTOCK PRICES (Do not combine varieties to get quantity discount.)
Read all about the story of the Geneva series. APPLE ROOTSTOCKS: PEAR ROOTSTOCKS: Prunus ROOTSTOCKS: APPLE ROOTSTOCKS:
The Geneva Series --In the late 1960s, a "double-whammy" hit many blocks of apples on the clonal rootstocks just then being seriously planted in New York orchards. Trees on Malling-Merton 106 were going out with what was diagnosed as Phytophthora collar rot, and whole blocks on the dwarfing Malling 9 were killed by fire blight. Dad began his rootstock breeding program in 1968, aiming at producing a repertoire of rootstocks that could survive under fire blight and Phytophthora pressure, thrive in our climate (so different from that of southeast England where the Malling and Malling-Merton stocks had originated), and provide outstanding orchard performance. He used Robusta 5 and Novole as primary sources of resistance to fire blight and relied on Malling 9 and M.27 for Phytophthora resistance. In the early 70s, pathologist Herb Alwinckle joined the team. Over the years, they produced well over 300,000 hybrid seeds, emasculating and pollinating perhaps 100,000 flowers. Our whole family was involved in that hybridization. To have a longer breeding season, we went as far south as National Arboretum in Washington and north into Quebec. GENEVA 65® "Little Beauty" My mother's favorite. The first introduction from the breeding program of Cornell University at Geneva, NY under the direction of Dr. James N. Cummins and Dr. Herb Aldwinckle. Very dwarfing, between M.9 and M.27. G.65 is precocious, very productive, resistant to crown rot and almost immune to fire blight. (In the nursery, G.65 is resistant to scab and mildew, too). Trees on G.65 are sturdy, well-anchored, thrifty little trees but they do require irrigation. Some suckering; nearly no burrknots. Extremely difficult to propagate, so much so that we have never been able to get it into commerce. Macs on Geneva 65 survived the severe winters in Quebec. Finally we will be making a few trees on G.65 for 2012. Malling 9 Produces a fully dwarfed tree with good fruit size and color. Precocious and very productive. Requires a permanent support system. Irrigation is very helpful. Resistant to crown rot. Susceptible to nematodes, woolly apple aphid, and fire blight. Because fire blight is becoming so critical throughout our area, we are no longer working with M.9. OTTAWA 3 (O.3) A winter-hardy dwarfing stock from the Canadian rootstock breeding program-- Malling 9 x Robin Crab. Just a little more vigorous than M.9. Resistant to collar rot, but susceptible to fire blight and woolly aphids. Difficult to propagate in the stoolbed and to establish in the nursery and in the orchard. Excellent productivity; anchorage better than M.9. P.2 A Malling 9 x Common Antonovka hybrid from the great Polish rootstock breeding program at Skierniewice. (No, the "P" doesn't stand for "Polish" or "Poland", but for the Polish word for rootstock.) Slightly less vigorous than Malling 26. Almost as winter hardy as Antonovka. Resistant to collar rot; susceptible to fire blight and woollies. Anchorage similar to M.26. Very productive. GENEVA 16® (G.16®) From the Cornell-Geneva breeding program. Ottawa 3 x Malus floribunda. Resistant to crown rot and fire blight. In the nursery, immune to apple scab, susceptible to powdery mildew. Very susceptible to woolly apple aphids. We're still not sure about vigor, but it appears to be slightly more than Malling 9; tree grows very strongly in the nursery and in the first couple of years in the orchard. Suckers and burrknots are very rare. Not nearly as brittle as M.9; much better anchorage. However, we have seen some union breakage in young trees just coming into bearing, especialy under the brittle varieties Gala and Honeycrisp. We strongly suggest staking these varieties. Some customer feedback suggests that trees on G.16 may survive drought unusualy well. Sensitive to the common latent viruses; only virus-free scionwood may be used. Trees on G.16 bear early and are very productive. Especially well suited to Mutsu and other triploids. Malling 26 Very productive dwarf tree -- but south of Pennsylvania, maybe more vigorous than expected. Better anchored than M.9, but at least temporary support is still recommended. M.26 is very, very susceptible to fire blight, burrknots, woolly apple aphids and crown rot. However, if M.26 is planted on a well drained (not droughty) soil, trees can give outstanding production. GENEVA 11® My favorite! Recently introduced from Cornell-at-Geneva. A Malling 26 x Robusta 5 hybrid. Very precocious, very productive, moderately resistant to both fire blight and collar rot. Very few burrknots. Woolies find it much less attractive than M.26 or M.9 At Littletree Orchards, near Ithaca, NY, our Mutsu on G.11 are the most handsome trees in the orchard. In the Liberty test plantings at Geneva, trees on G.11 have given excellent performance. Very little suckering. M.7 EMLA The old workhorse of the apple industry. Usually free standing, although sometimes anchorage can be a problem. Half of standard-sized tree. Moderately resistant to crown rot and to fire blight. Suckering can be a problem. Trees on M.7 are quite cold hardy. The Malling 7 root systems tends to be vertically oriented; if the roots hit an inpenetrable clay pan at 12 to 18 inches, root growth usually stops and the tree "runts out". GENEVA 30® From Cornell-at-Geneva. A major challenger for M.7, G.30 is similar to M.7 in dwarfing but is better anchored, more precocious and much more productive, and much less prone to burrknots. A terrible nursery subject -- fairly difficult to root; many spines. In some test plantings subjected to unusually high winds, there has been union breakage of Gala trees on G.30. We now recommend that most varieties on G.30 be given support, expecially during the early fruiting years. Resistant to crown rot and fire blight; apparently tolerant of replant disease. MALLING-MERTON 106 Still the best of the more vigorous rootstocks -- precocious and productive, well-anchored. But MM.106 is very susceptible to crown rot and almost uniquely sensitive to Tomato Ringspot Virus. We do especially like MM.106 under spur-type trees and under a dwarfing interstock such as Budagovsky 9 or Malling 9. A great rootstock in the right spot, but a poor choice for some sites. MALLING-MERTON 111 Close to 80% of full standard vigor, MM.111 is more tolerant of difficult soil conditions than the other English rootstocks. Not precocious -- which is one reason we don't put Northern Spy on it!! Quite prone to burrknots. We like to use MM.111 under spur-type varieties and under interstocks. BUDAVGOSKY 9 (Red-Leaved Paradise) (Bud.9) Same level of dwarfing as Malling 9, but about 5 degrees more winter hardy. In some tests, Bud.9 has not been quite as productive as Malling 9. In two recent trials, Bud.9 has been much more tolerant of fire blight than M.9 and we are using Bud.9 under fire-blight susceptible varieties. Not quite so brittle as Malling 9, but staking is still strongly advised. BUDAVGOSKY 118 (Bud.118) About the same vigor as MM.111, but as winter-hardy as Antonovka. Burrknots and suckers are rare. Productive; well-anchored. Red leaves, red wood, red blossoms, red fruit. ANTONOVKA This seedling rootstock is grown from seeds imported from Poland. Full "standard" vigor. Very winter-hardy. Our major rootstock for conservation plantings. NOVOLE An introduction from the Geneva rootstock breeding program, Novole has a "non-preference" type of resistance to meadow voles and pine voles ("orchard mice"). Very vigorous; best used as a root-and-trunk stock, with a dwarfing interstem interposed about 16 inches above the ground. All components must be virus-free. Resistant to fire blight and collar rot. Available someime in the future as a rootstock NEW APPLE ROOTSTOCKS IN THE PIPELINE: GENEVA 3041 (G.41): A little more dwarfing than Malling 9. From the Ottawa 3 x Robusta 5 cross. Selected for resistance to crown rot and fire blight. Outstanding production. Stoolbed started. GENEVA 5935 (G.935): Dwarfing between M.26 and M.7. From the M.27 x Robusta 5 cross. Fantastic productivity. Resistant to crown rot and fire blight. Stoolbed started GENEVA 5202 (G.202): First Geneva rootstock resistant to woolly apple aphids, as well as crown rot and fire blight. Already in heavy production in New Zealand. Dwarfing similar to M.26 and G.11. Not as productive as G.11, but probably a better choice in the South, where WAA is a problem. Propagation just beginning. PEAR ROOTSTOCKS: Pyrus betulifolia.--Standard vigor. Reimer's strain of fire blight-tolerant seedlings. Reported to enhance fruit size on Asian pears. OHxF 87®.--Outstanding semidwarfing clonal stock. Excellent anchorage. Tolerant of soli diseases. Very resistant to fire blight. Tolerant of low temperatures. Induces early, heavy production. Patented. $1.00 premium + royalty. OHxF 333.--Somewhat more dwarfing than OHxF 87, with similar resistances. Some reports that fruit size is smaller, but this may be due to excessively heavy fruit set.. 50¢ premium QUINCE EM A.--Fully dwarfing rootstock, with very heavy production. Fruit ripens 3 to 5 days earlier than on seedling stocks. Quince A is not as winter hardy as our other pear stocks. 50¢ premium | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
